See ciąg on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "ciąg"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"Domaniewice"
],
"sense": "team of horses",
"tags": [
"Łowicz"
],
"word": "cięg"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "ciōng"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*ten-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ten-#Proto-Indo-European:_stretch"
],
[
"*tengʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tengʰ-#Proto-Indo-European:_pull"
],
[
"*tingtei",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/tingtei#Proto-Balto-Slavic:_pull"
],
[
"*tęťi",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tęťi#Proto-Slavic:_pull"
],
[
"*tęgъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tęgъ"
],
[
"*tęgъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tęgъ"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*tęgъ",
"id": "pledge",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ten-\nProto-Indo-European *tengʰ-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tingteider.\nProto-Slavic *tęťi\nProto-Slavic *tęgъ\nOld Polish ciąg\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"pull\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"pull\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"stretch\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ten-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*tengʰ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*tingtei\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*tęťi\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*tęgъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"ciąg\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" }\" data-id=\"pledge\" data-lang=\"zlw-opl\" data-title=\"ciąg\" id=\"Old_Polish:_pledge\">\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *tęgъ.",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the 14th century",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ten-\nProto-Indo-European *tengʰ-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tingteider.\nProto-Slavic *tęťi\nProto-Slavic *tęgъ\nOld Polish ciąg\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *tęgъ. First attested in the 14th century.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ciąg m animacy unattested",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-an!"
},
"expansion": "ciąg m animacy unattested",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "29 2 3 1 2 10 3 6 7 6 1 4 2 11 3 2 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 1 2 1 2 7 2 8 11 8 1 3 1 16 2 1 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 2 4 1 4 6 3 8 6 6 1 4 2 10 4 2 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 1 3 1 2 5 3 5 6 6 1 3 2 10 4 2 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
23,
27
]
],
"ref": "1902 [1405], “Wybór zapisek sądowych grodzkich i ziemskich wielkopolskich z XV wieku”, in Franciszek Piekosiński, editor, Studia, rozprawy i materiały z dziedziny historii polskiej i prawa polskiego, volume 6, Poznań, Pyzdry, Kościan, Gniezno, page 261:",
"text": "Ian se poddal Tome pod czøg in VII fertones, a przed rokem go ne vczøczal",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"taking as collateral, judicial seizure; pledge"
],
"id": "en-ciąg-zlw-opl-noun-sch8XPQv",
"links": [
[
"taking",
"take"
],
[
"collateral",
"collateral"
],
[
"judicial",
"judicial"
],
[
"seizure",
"seizure"
],
[
"pledge",
"pledge"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland) taking as collateral, judicial seizure; pledge"
],
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciągadło"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "ciągnąć"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʲɑ̃k/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʲɑ̃k/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "ciąg"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "jednym ciągiem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "w dalszym ciągu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciąg arytmetyczny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciąg geometryczny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciąg na bramkę"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "dalszy ciąg"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "gazociąg"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "korkociąg"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "martwy ciąg"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "naftociąg"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "parociąg"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "próżniociąg"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ropociąg"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "rurociąg"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "wodociąg"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"phrase"
],
"word": "ciąg dalszy nastąpi"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 8 0 12 9 6 7 6 9 0 14 3 8 9 4 3",
"sense": "preposition",
"word": "w ciągu"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*ten-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ten-#Proto-Indo-European:_stretch"
],
[
"*tengʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tengʰ-#Proto-Indo-European:_pull"
],
[
"*tingtei",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/tingtei#Proto-Balto-Slavic:_pull"
],
[
"*tęťi",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tęťi#Proto-Slavic:_pull"
],
[
"*tęgъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tęgъ"
],
[
"ciąg",
"ciąg#Old_Polish"
],
[
"ciąg",
"ciąg#Old_Polish"
],
[
"ciągać",
"ciągać#Polish"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:ciąg",
"id": "string",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ten-\nProto-Indo-European *tengʰ-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tingteider.\nProto-Slavic *tęťi\nProto-Slavic *tęgъ\nOld Polish ciąg\nPolish ciąg\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"pull\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"pull\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"stretch\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ten-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*tengʰ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*tingtei\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*tęťi\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*tęgъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"ciąg\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"ciąg\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-id=\"string\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"ciąg\" id=\"Polish:_string\">\nInherited from Old Polish ciąg.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+deverbal",
"2": "pl",
"3": "ciągać"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, deverbal from ciągać",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ten-\nProto-Indo-European *tengʰ-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tingteider.\nProto-Slavic *tęťi\nProto-Slavic *tęgъ\nOld Polish ciąg\nPolish ciąg\nInherited from Old Polish ciąg. By surface analysis, deverbal from ciągać.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ciągowy",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ciąg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciągi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciągu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciągów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciągowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciągom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciąg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciągi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciągiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciągami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciągu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciągach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciągu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ciągi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cięg",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"adj": "ciągowy"
},
"expansion": "ciąg m inan (related adjective ciągowy)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ciąg"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ciąg"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "ciągać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "ciągnąć"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"string, chain, sequence (series of uninterrupted things)"
],
"id": "en-ciąg-pl-noun-w7dn-qaL",
"links": [
[
"string",
"string"
],
[
"chain",
"chain"
],
[
"sequence",
"sequence"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 12 4 10 7 7 7 5 5 4 12 4 6 5 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Alcoholism",
"orig": "pl:Alcoholism",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"string, chain, sequence (series of uninterrupted events in time)"
],
"id": "en-ciąg-pl-noun-0LQKDkKS",
"links": [
[
"string",
"string"
],
[
"chain",
"chain"
],
[
"sequence",
"sequence"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "następstwo"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"stream (flow of some liquid or gas)"
],
"id": "en-ciąg-pl-noun-VfewWFfg",
"links": [
[
"stream",
"stream"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Mathematics",
"orig": "pl:Mathematics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 2 9 9 6 7 7 10 2 5 4 7 9 5 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sequence (an ordered list of objects, typically indexed with natural numbers)"
],
"id": "en-ciąg-pl-noun-3i-7TlLX",
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"sequence",
"sequence#English:_mathematics"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics) sequence (an ordered list of objects, typically indexed with natural numbers)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Zoology",
"orig": "pl:Zoology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 4 1 8 11 2 13 10 12 1 4 1 13 6 3 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 2 9 9 6 7 7 10 2 5 4 7 9 5 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"flocking, migration (group movement of animals)"
],
"id": "en-ciąg-pl-noun-AqNJXIX2",
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"flock",
"flock"
],
[
"migration",
"migration"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) flocking, migration (group movement of animals)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"binge (prolonged period of intoxication or excessive heavy drinking)"
],
"id": "en-ciąg-pl-noun-6D~LjP60",
"links": [
[
"binge",
"binge"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cug"
},
{
"word": "kurs"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 5 1 6 9 4 11 8 10 1 7 3 11 6 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 5 1 6 9 4 11 8 10 1 7 3 11 6 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 4 1 8 11 2 13 10 12 1 4 1 13 6 3 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Physics",
"orig": "pl:Physics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thrust (the force generated by propulsion, as in a jet engine)"
],
"id": "en-ciąg-pl-noun-v-o-ORVc",
"links": [
[
"thrust",
"thrust#English:_aerodynamics"
],
[
"force",
"force"
],
[
"propulsion",
"propulsion"
],
[
"jet engine",
"jet engine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(aerodynamics) thrust (the force generated by propulsion, as in a jet engine)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"aerodynamics",
"aerospace",
"business",
"engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"physics"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 4 1 8 11 2 13 10 12 1 4 1 13 6 3 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pull, tug (act or result of pulling)"
],
"id": "en-ciąg-pl-noun-qtMlOH5f",
"links": [
[
"pull",
"pull"
],
[
"tug",
"tug"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) pull, tug (act or result of pulling)"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Far Masovian Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Fishing",
"orig": "pl:Fishing",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 3 5 2 5 5 5 4 6 22 2 4 3 8 8 4 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Far Masovian Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 3 8 1 4 6 5 5 8 10 1 5 3 11 8 4 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Western Kraków Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 2 4 8 5 9 9 10 2 5 3 13 6 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish deverbals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 5 1 6 9 4 11 8 10 1 7 3 11 6 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 5 1 6 9 4 11 8 10 1 7 3 11 6 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 5 1 4 9 5 9 9 11 1 6 3 13 7 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 4 1 8 11 2 13 10 12 1 4 1 13 6 3 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 2 9 9 6 7 7 10 2 5 4 7 9 5 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 5 1 5 8 5 9 10 10 1 5 3 14 7 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"puller (ladle or spoon used to pull lines under ice)"
],
"id": "en-ciąg-pl-noun-pOk8tUmI",
"links": [
[
"fishing",
"fishing#Noun"
],
[
"puller",
"puller"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Far Masovian, Łomża, fishing) puller (ladle or spoon used to pull lines under ice)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pociągnięcie"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"fishing",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"row, line"
],
"id": "en-ciąg-pl-noun-79X~18L6",
"links": [
[
"row",
"row"
],
[
"line",
"line"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) row, line"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rząd"
},
{
"word": "szereg"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 12 4 10 7 7 7 5 5 4 12 4 6 5 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Alcoholism",
"orig": "pl:Alcoholism",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"installment; part (part of a published article, story etc. contained in a single edition)"
],
"id": "en-ciąg-pl-noun-tJwYjm8w",
"links": [
[
"installment",
"installment"
],
[
"part",
"part"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) installment; part (part of a published article, story etc. contained in a single edition)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"thread (series of events in a story)"
],
"id": "en-ciąg-pl-noun-lbVSiHeB",
"links": [
[
"thread",
"thread"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) thread (series of events in a story)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "wątek"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Art",
"orig": "pl:Art",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "9 2 5 1 3 8 4 8 8 10 1 4 3 15 6 3 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 3 8 1 4 6 5 5 8 10 1 5 3 11 8 4 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Western Kraków Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 2 4 8 5 9 9 10 2 5 3 13 6 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish deverbals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 5 1 6 9 4 11 8 10 1 7 3 11 6 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 5 1 6 9 4 11 8 10 1 7 3 11 6 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 5 1 4 9 5 9 9 11 1 6 3 13 7 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 4 1 8 11 2 13 10 12 1 4 1 13 6 3 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 9 1 8 9 3 10 8 9 1 5 2 18 7 3 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 5 1 5 8 5 9 10 10 1 5 3 14 7 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"engraving, etching"
],
"id": "en-ciąg-pl-noun-zQO7lgGW",
"links": [
[
"art",
"art#Noun"
],
[
"engraving",
"engraving"
],
[
"etching",
"etching"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, art) engraving, etching"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rys"
},
{
"word": "sztych"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"art",
"arts"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Agriculture",
"orig": "pl:Agriculture",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 2 9 9 6 7 7 10 2 5 4 7 9 5 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"furrow"
],
"id": "en-ciąg-pl-noun-u~0sB8lT",
"links": [
[
"agriculture",
"agriculture"
],
[
"furrow",
"furrow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, agriculture) furrow"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bruzda"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"agriculture",
"business",
"lifestyle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Borderlands Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Mining",
"orig": "pl:Mining",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 2 7 1 4 6 4 6 7 8 1 4 3 10 6 14 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Borderlands Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Air",
"orig": "pl:Air",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"gust of wind, draft of air"
],
"id": "en-ciąg-pl-noun-lG4PS~t3",
"links": [
[
"mining",
"mining#Noun"
],
[
"gust",
"gust"
],
[
"draft",
"draft"
]
],
"qualifier": "Northern Borderlands",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, mining or dialectal, Northern Borderlands, Lithuania) gust of wind, draft of air"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "przeciąg"
},
{
"word": "przewiew"
}
],
"tags": [
"Lithuania",
"dialectal",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"mining"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Hunting",
"orig": "pl:Hunting",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "9 1 3 1 2 6 2 7 7 7 1 3 1 15 3 1 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 3 8 1 4 6 5 5 8 10 1 5 3 11 8 4 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Western Kraków Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 2 4 8 5 9 9 10 2 5 3 13 6 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish deverbals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 5 1 6 9 4 11 8 10 1 7 3 11 6 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 5 1 6 9 4 11 8 10 1 7 3 11 6 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 5 1 4 9 5 9 9 11 1 6 3 13 7 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 4 1 8 11 2 13 10 12 1 4 1 13 6 3 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 2 9 9 6 7 7 10 2 5 4 7 9 5 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 5 1 5 8 5 9 10 10 1 5 3 14 7 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"part of a net where a hunter draws line"
],
"id": "en-ciąg-pl-noun-zbb7cMu1",
"links": [
[
"hunting",
"hunting#Noun"
],
[
"part",
"part"
],
[
"net",
"net"
],
[
"hunter",
"hunter"
],
[
"draw",
"draw"
],
[
"line",
"line"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish, hunting) part of a net where a hunter draws line"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"hunting",
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕɔŋk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕɔ̃k/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡ɕɔŋk]",
"note": "Far Masovian"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡ɕɔŋk]",
"note": "Western Kraków"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡ɕɔŋk]",
"note": "Northern Borderlands"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔŋk"
}
],
"word": "ciąg"
}
{
"categories": [
"Far Masovian Polish",
"Middle Polish",
"Northern Borderlands Polish",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Western Kraków Polish",
"pl:Air",
"pl:Alcoholism",
"pl:Physics"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "ciąg"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"Domaniewice"
],
"sense": "team of horses",
"tags": [
"Łowicz"
],
"word": "cięg"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "ciōng"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*ten-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ten-#Proto-Indo-European:_stretch"
],
[
"*tengʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tengʰ-#Proto-Indo-European:_pull"
],
[
"*tingtei",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/tingtei#Proto-Balto-Slavic:_pull"
],
[
"*tęťi",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tęťi#Proto-Slavic:_pull"
],
[
"*tęgъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tęgъ"
],
[
"*tęgъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tęgъ"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*tęgъ",
"id": "pledge",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ten-\nProto-Indo-European *tengʰ-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tingteider.\nProto-Slavic *tęťi\nProto-Slavic *tęgъ\nOld Polish ciąg\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"pull\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"pull\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"stretch\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ten-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*tengʰ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*tingtei\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*tęťi\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*tęgъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"ciąg\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" }\" data-id=\"pledge\" data-lang=\"zlw-opl\" data-title=\"ciąg\" id=\"Old_Polish:_pledge\">\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *tęgъ.",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the 14th century",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ten-\nProto-Indo-European *tengʰ-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tingteider.\nProto-Slavic *tęťi\nProto-Slavic *tęgъ\nOld Polish ciąg\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *tęgъ. First attested in the 14th century.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ciąg m animacy unattested",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-an!"
},
"expansion": "ciąg m animacy unattested",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciągadło"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "ciągnąć"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Old Polish entries with etymon",
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish masculine nouns",
"Old Polish nouns",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ten-",
"Old Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *tengʰ-",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
23,
27
]
],
"ref": "1902 [1405], “Wybór zapisek sądowych grodzkich i ziemskich wielkopolskich z XV wieku”, in Franciszek Piekosiński, editor, Studia, rozprawy i materiały z dziedziny historii polskiej i prawa polskiego, volume 6, Poznań, Pyzdry, Kościan, Gniezno, page 261:",
"text": "Ian se poddal Tome pod czøg in VII fertones, a przed rokem go ne vczøczal",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"taking as collateral, judicial seizure; pledge"
],
"links": [
[
"taking",
"take"
],
[
"collateral",
"collateral"
],
[
"judicial",
"judicial"
],
[
"seizure",
"seizure"
],
[
"pledge",
"pledge"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland) taking as collateral, judicial seizure; pledge"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʲɑ̃k/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʲɑ̃k/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "ciąg"
}
{
"categories": [
"Far Masovian Polish",
"Middle Polish",
"Northern Borderlands Polish",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish deverbals",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ten-",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *tengʰ-",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔŋk",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔŋk/1 syllable",
"Western Kraków Polish",
"pl:Air",
"pl:Alcoholism",
"pl:Physics"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "jednym ciągiem"
},
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "w dalszym ciągu"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciąg arytmetyczny"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciąg geometryczny"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciąg na bramkę"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "dalszy ciąg"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "gazociąg"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "korkociąg"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "martwy ciąg"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "naftociąg"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "parociąg"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "próżniociąg"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ropociąg"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "rurociąg"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "wodociąg"
},
{
"tags": [
"phrase"
],
"word": "ciąg dalszy nastąpi"
},
{
"sense": "preposition",
"word": "w ciągu"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*ten-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ten-#Proto-Indo-European:_stretch"
],
[
"*tengʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tengʰ-#Proto-Indo-European:_pull"
],
[
"*tingtei",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/tingtei#Proto-Balto-Slavic:_pull"
],
[
"*tęťi",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tęťi#Proto-Slavic:_pull"
],
[
"*tęgъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tęgъ"
],
[
"ciąg",
"ciąg#Old_Polish"
],
[
"ciąg",
"ciąg#Old_Polish"
],
[
"ciągać",
"ciągać#Polish"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:ciąg",
"id": "string",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ten-\nProto-Indo-European *tengʰ-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tingteider.\nProto-Slavic *tęťi\nProto-Slavic *tęgъ\nOld Polish ciąg\nPolish ciąg\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"pull\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"pull\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"stretch\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ten-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*tengʰ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*tingtei\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*tęťi\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*tęgъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"ciąg\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"ciąg\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-id=\"string\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"ciąg\" id=\"Polish:_string\">\nInherited from Old Polish ciąg.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+deverbal",
"2": "pl",
"3": "ciągać"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, deverbal from ciągać",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ten-\nProto-Indo-European *tengʰ-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tingteider.\nProto-Slavic *tęťi\nProto-Slavic *tęgъ\nOld Polish ciąg\nPolish ciąg\nInherited from Old Polish ciąg. By surface analysis, deverbal from ciągać.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ciągowy",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ciąg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciągi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciągu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciągów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciągowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciągom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciąg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciągi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciągiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciągami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciągu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciągach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciągu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ciągi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cięg",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"adj": "ciągowy"
},
"expansion": "ciąg m inan (related adjective ciągowy)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ciąg"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ciąg"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "ciągać"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "ciągnąć"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"string, chain, sequence (series of uninterrupted things)"
],
"links": [
[
"string",
"string"
],
[
"chain",
"chain"
],
[
"sequence",
"sequence"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"string, chain, sequence (series of uninterrupted events in time)"
],
"links": [
[
"string",
"string"
],
[
"chain",
"chain"
],
[
"sequence",
"sequence"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "następstwo"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"stream (flow of some liquid or gas)"
],
"links": [
[
"stream",
"stream"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Mathematics"
],
"glosses": [
"sequence (an ordered list of objects, typically indexed with natural numbers)"
],
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"sequence",
"sequence#English:_mathematics"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics) sequence (an ordered list of objects, typically indexed with natural numbers)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Zoology"
],
"glosses": [
"flocking, migration (group movement of animals)"
],
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"flock",
"flock"
],
[
"migration",
"migration"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) flocking, migration (group movement of animals)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"binge (prolonged period of intoxication or excessive heavy drinking)"
],
"links": [
[
"binge",
"binge"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cug"
},
{
"word": "kurs"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"thrust (the force generated by propulsion, as in a jet engine)"
],
"links": [
[
"thrust",
"thrust#English:_aerodynamics"
],
[
"force",
"force"
],
[
"propulsion",
"propulsion"
],
[
"jet engine",
"jet engine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(aerodynamics) thrust (the force generated by propulsion, as in a jet engine)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"aerodynamics",
"aerospace",
"business",
"engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"physics"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"pull, tug (act or result of pulling)"
],
"links": [
[
"pull",
"pull"
],
[
"tug",
"tug"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) pull, tug (act or result of pulling)"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Far Masovian Polish",
"pl:Fishing"
],
"glosses": [
"puller (ladle or spoon used to pull lines under ice)"
],
"links": [
[
"fishing",
"fishing#Noun"
],
[
"puller",
"puller"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Far Masovian, Łomża, fishing) puller (ladle or spoon used to pull lines under ice)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pociągnięcie"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"fishing",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"row, line"
],
"links": [
[
"row",
"row"
],
[
"line",
"line"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) row, line"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rząd"
},
{
"word": "szereg"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"installment; part (part of a published article, story etc. contained in a single edition)"
],
"links": [
[
"installment",
"installment"
],
[
"part",
"part"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) installment; part (part of a published article, story etc. contained in a single edition)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"thread (series of events in a story)"
],
"links": [
[
"thread",
"thread"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) thread (series of events in a story)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "wątek"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses",
"pl:Art"
],
"glosses": [
"engraving, etching"
],
"links": [
[
"art",
"art#Noun"
],
[
"engraving",
"engraving"
],
[
"etching",
"etching"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, art) engraving, etching"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rys"
},
{
"word": "sztych"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"art",
"arts"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses",
"pl:Agriculture"
],
"glosses": [
"furrow"
],
"links": [
[
"agriculture",
"agriculture"
],
[
"furrow",
"furrow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, agriculture) furrow"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bruzda"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"agriculture",
"business",
"lifestyle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Northern Borderlands Polish",
"Polish dialectal terms",
"Polish terms with obsolete senses",
"pl:Mining"
],
"glosses": [
"gust of wind, draft of air"
],
"links": [
[
"mining",
"mining#Noun"
],
[
"gust",
"gust"
],
[
"draft",
"draft"
]
],
"qualifier": "Northern Borderlands",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, mining or dialectal, Northern Borderlands, Lithuania) gust of wind, draft of air"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "przeciąg"
},
{
"word": "przewiew"
}
],
"tags": [
"Lithuania",
"dialectal",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"mining"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish",
"pl:Hunting"
],
"glosses": [
"part of a net where a hunter draws line"
],
"links": [
[
"hunting",
"hunting#Noun"
],
[
"part",
"part"
],
[
"net",
"net"
],
[
"hunter",
"hunter"
],
[
"draw",
"draw"
],
[
"line",
"line"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish, hunting) part of a net where a hunter draws line"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"hunting",
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕɔŋk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕɔ̃k/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡ɕɔŋk]",
"note": "Far Masovian"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡ɕɔŋk]",
"note": "Western Kraków"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡ɕɔŋk]",
"note": "Northern Borderlands"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔŋk"
}
],
"word": "ciąg"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ciąg meaning in All languages combined (17.0kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['canonical']: 'ciąg m animacy unattested' in 'ciąg m animacy unattested'",
"path": [
"ciąg"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ciąg",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Far Masovian, Łomża, fishing",
"path": [
"ciąg"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ciąg",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Far Masovian, Łomża, fishing",
"path": [
"ciąg"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ciąg",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Far Masovian, Łomża, fishing",
"path": [
"ciąg"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ciąg",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Far Masovian, Łomża, fishing",
"path": [
"ciąg"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ciąg",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.